[CNN 팟캐스트 영어공부] 국영문 스크립트_Inside a Fentanyl State of Emergency, Mar 3 2024

오늘의 에피소드는 미국에서 벌어지고 있는 펜타닐 이슈에 대한 내용입니다.
아래 스크립트를 참고하여 내용을 살펴보겠습니다.
(오디오 파일은 하단의 링크에 접속하시거나, 팟캐스트 어플에서 청취하실 수 있습니다.)

[출처 및 원문 CNN One Thing]
https://edition.cnn.com/audio/podcasts/one-thing/episodes/3ddb62b2-8237-11ee-931c-17cd3ec119f5

Inside a Fentanyl State of Emergency - CNN One Thing - Podcast on CNN Audio

[에피소드 요약]

As opioid overdose deaths continue at a near-record pace, many cities are seeing the problem play out on public streets. In Oregon, state leaders recently teamed up to declare a 90-day state of emergency in downtown Portland which will direct resources to help combat the fentanyl crisis. In this episode, we examine why fentanyl and other synthetic opioids have become such a danger to drug users, and whether Portland’s approach can be a model for other cities across the country.

오피오이드 과다 복용 사망이 거의 기록적인 속도로 계속됨에 따라, 많은 도시들이 공공 거리에서 문제가 발생하는 것을 보고 있다. 오레곤에서, 주 지도자들은 최근 펜타닐 위기에 대처하기 위해 자원을 지시할 포틀랜드 시내에서 90일간의 비상 사태를 선포하기 위해 협력했다. 이 에피소드에서, 우리는 펜타닐과 다른 합성 오피오이드가 마약 사용자에게 그렇게 위험해진 이유와 포틀랜드의 접근 방식이 전국의 다른 도시의 모델이 될 수 있는지 여부를 조사합니다.

- opioid: 오피오이드(마약성 성분)
- overdose: 과다복용
- declare: 선언하다
- direct: 지시하다
- synthetic: 합성의

*오피오이드: 뇌와 척수에 있는 단백질에 결합해 통증 지각을 감소시킴으로써 강력한 진통 효과를 나타내지만 심각한 중독성이 있는 마약성 성분이다.
모르핀, 펜타닐, 메타돈, 트라마돌, 옥시코돈 등 수많은 품명으로 출시된 제품들이 모두 오피오이드 계열 진통제이다.




[에피소드 대본]

David Rind
00:00:03
On Thursday, former President Donald Trump and current President Joe Biden both went to the US southern border. Now they were 300 miles apart. Texas is really, really big, but it just goes to show how big a role immigration will play for both parties in this year's election, and something Biden and Trump both agree is a big problem. Are the drugs flowing over the border, specifically fentanyl, now stopping the cartels and traffickers that bring fentanyl over the border? It's a tall task. And then there's the question of how to deal with the fentanyl that's already here. Overdose deaths remain near record highs. So how do you stop something that has so many people already hooked? My guest this week is CNN's Josh Campbell. He recently went to Portland, Oregon to see what one city's fight against fentanyl looks like up close. From CNN. This is one thing I'm David Ryan. Just tell me about Zach Didier.

목요일에, 도널드 트럼프 전 대통령과 조 바이든 현 대통령은 모두 미국 남부 국경으로 갔다. 지금 그들은 300마일 떨어져 있었다. 텍사스는 정말, 정말 크지만, 올해 선거에서 이민이 양당에게 얼마나 큰 역할을 할 것인지를 보여주며, 바이든과 트럼프 둘 다 동의하는 것은 큰 문제이다. 국경을 넘어 흐르는 마약, 특히 펜타닐은 이제 국경을 넘어 펜타닐을 가져오는 카르텔과 인신매매범들을 막고 있나요? 그건 어려운 과제죠. 그리고 이미 여기에 있는 펜타닐을 어떻게 다룰지에 대한 질문이 있다. 과다 복용 사망자는 사상 최고치에 가깝다. 그래서 그렇게 많은 사람들이 이미 푹 빠진 것을 어떻게 막을 수 있나요? 이번 주 게스트는 CNN의 조쉬 캠벨이다. 그는 최근 펜타닐에 대한 한 도시의 싸움이 어떻게 생겼는지 가까이서 보기 위해 오리건주 포틀랜드에 갔다. 저는 CNN의 데이비드 라이언입니다. 그냥 잭 디디어에 대해 말해줘.

Josh Campbell
00:01:11
Well, this case was really every parent's worst nightmare. Zach Didier was 17 years old. He was a thriving high school kid, an accomplished student, an actor at the school theater, an athlete, a musician. And in 2022, his father, Chris, went into Zach's bedroom in their home near Sacramento.

음, 이 사건은 정말 모든 부모의 최악의 악몽이었어. 잭 디디어는 17살이었다. 그는 유망한 고등학생, 뛰어난 학생, 학교 극장의 배우, 운동선수, 음악가였다. 그리고 2022년에, 그의 아버지 크리스는 새크라멘토 근처의 집에 있는 잭의 침실로 들어갔다.

Chris Didier
00:01:28
This is never an easy topic to talk about. It always hurts.
이것은 결코 이야기하기 쉬운 주제가 아니다. 항상 마음이 아파요.

Josh Campbell
00:01:34
And Zach was slumped over his desk, unresponsive.
그리고 잭은 책상 위에 쓰러져 있었고, 반응이 없었다.
- slump over: 쓰러지다
- unresponsive: 감응이 더딘, 반응이 없는, 냉정한

Chris Didier
00:01:37
And as I approached him, he wasn't, a life I could feel before I even touched him that something was horribly wrong.
그리고 그와 가까이 다가갈수록, 그는 살아있지 않다는 것을 느낄 수 있었다. 그를 만지기도 전에 무언가가 끔찍하게 잘못되었다는 것을 느낄 수 있었다.


Josh Campbell
00:01:48
He called 911. Medics soon arrived and began attempting life saving measures on Zach, but they stopped after mere minutes and the medics turned to Chris and they said, I'm sorry.
그는 911에 전화를 했다. 의료진은 곧 도착했고 잭의 목숨을 살리기 위한 조치를 취하기 시작했다. 그러나 그들은 단 몇 분 후에 멈췄고, 크리스에게로 돌아서서 유감이라는 말을 전했다.

Chris Didier
00:01:59
And they just stood there and I got mad at them and said, guys, help me save my boy. And. When they didn't. I started trying to talk to Zach and begged him, don't go, comeback.
그들은 그냥 거기에 서있었고 나는 그들에게 화나서 말했어요. “제 아들을 살려주세요.” 그들이 도와주지 않자 저는 잭에게 말을 걸며 그에게 가지 말라고, 돌아오라고 애원했어요.


Josh Campbell
00:02:20
The Placer County Coroner soon arrived and spent several hours just looking around the home and examining Zach's bedroom, and they eventually came downstairs and told Chris and Laura the cause of death was a mystery then and there, but they were ruling out suicide, and the medical examiner said that they had two initial theories one an undetected medical condition, or two. Poisoning from fentanyl. Fentanyl, fentanyl. Yeah.
플레이서 카운티 검안관이 곧 도착하여 수 시간동안 집근처를 살펴보고, 잭의 침실을 조사했다. 그들은 결국 아래층으로 내려와 크리스와 로라에게 사망 원인은 당장은 수수께끼지만, 자살은 배재하고 있으며, 의사는 두 가지 초기 이론을 제시했다. 하나는 검출되지 않은 의학적 상태이고, 두번째는 펜타닐에 의한 중독이다. 펜타닐, 펜타닐. 그래요.

- then and there: 당장은, 즉시로
- rule out: 제외시키다, 배제하다; 불가능하게 하다. (=exclude, eliminate.)
-undetected: 검출되지 않은 (detect: 1.찾아내다 2.감지하다 3.발견하다 4. 검출하다 5. 진단)

Chris Didier
00:02:45
And that further spiraled us into confusion and debilitating confusion. It's like, why would you say that word? I've heard of fentanyl. I knew it was some kind of opioid. I knew it was powerful, but I would have never imagined it would be in our home. Yet along being Zach's body. Yeah. How would this possibly happen?
그것은 우리를 더 많은 혼란과 쇠약하게 만드는 혼란 속에 빠뜨렸다. 당신은 왜 그런 말을 하나요? 나는 펜타닐을 들어봤다. 오피오드 계열이라는 것을 알고 있다. 아주 강력하다는 걸. 그런데 우리 집에 있다고는 상상도 못했다. 게다가 자크의 몸 안에 들어 있다는 것을. 그래요 어떻게 이런 일이 가능할까요?

- spiral: 나선꼴로 (급속히) 움직이다[up, down]; 소용돌이로 올라가다. 급상승 또는 급하락하다
- debilitating: 쇠약하게 만드는

Josh Campbell
00:03:09
And if and after examining Zac's phone, police investigators finally found their answer using Snapchat. Zac and a friend had made contact with a drug dealer who was advertising various products that he was selling nearby at a mall. The teens purchased what they were told was the prescription pain reliever Percocet, but they were duped. They were instead sold a counterfeit pill. And sadly, Zach's story is now becoming alarmingly common.
잭의 폰을 조사하고 나서 마침내 경찰 조사관은 스냅챗을 이용해 답을 찾았다. 잭과 그의 친구들은 몰 근처에서 다양한 제품들을 판다고 광고하는 마약 거래상들과 연락을 취했다. 그 십대들은 마약거래상이 예기한 진통제인 퍼코셋 처방전을 샀지만 사기당했다. 마약거래상들은 위조 알약을 대신에 팔았다. 슬프게도 잭의 이야기는 이제 놀라울 정도로 흔해지고 있다.

- counterfeit pill: 위조 알약
- alarmingly: 놀랍게도, 놀라울 정도로

David Rind
00:03:34
Yeah, I've definitely heard of this kind of thing happening. But when we talk about fentanyl, like, what are we actually talking about here?
그래요. 저도 그런 종류의 이야기를 들어봤어요. 하지만 우리가 펜타닐에 대해 이야기할 때, 우리는 실제로 여기서 무엇에 대해 이야기하고 있나요?

Josh Campbell
00:03:42
So fentanyl is a highly potent synthetic opioid drug that was actually approved by the FDA for use in pain relief and as an anesthetic. According to the US Drug Enforcement Administration, fentanyl is about 100 times more potent than morphine and about 50 times more potent than the drug heroin. Now, it's important to note that we're talking about two separate crises here. On one hand, you have people like Zach Didier who are seeking out some other form of drug, but actually end up with a fentanyl laced pill or a counterfeit pill altogether. That is in reality, fentanyl. I recently met in a downtown parking garage with an undercover narcotics officer from the Los Angeles Police Department who described how these illicit schemes work. He said that for dealers, fentanyl itself is much cheaper than other drugs. So it's actually in the interest of these criminals to sell counterfeit pills. He showed me a side by side comparison of a real oxycodone pill and a fake pill containing fentanyl. And David, the two were indistinguishable. Same colors, same product stamping. Identical. Now, of course, I asked the LAPD detective why would dealers continue to sell products?
그래서 펜타닐은 실제로 통증 완화와 마취제로 사용하기 위해 FDA의 승인을 받은 상당히 강력한 합성 오피오드 약물이다. 미국 마약 단속국에 따르면 펜타닐은 모르핀보다 100배 강력하고, 마약 헤로인보다 50배 강력하다. 이제 여기 두가지 양상의 위기에 대해서 말하는 것에 주목해야 한다. 먼저, 잭 디디어처럼 다른 형태의 마약을 찾지만, 사람들은 결국에 펜타닐이나 위조 알약으로 끝나게 된다. 이것이 현실이다. 나는 최근에 시내 주차장에서 이런 불법 계획이 어떻게 작동하는지 설명하는 로스앤젤리스 경찰국의 비밀 마약 수사관을 만났다. 그는 딜러들에게 펜타닐 자체는 다른 마약보다 훨씬 값이 싸다고 말했다. 그래서 사실 이런 범죄자들에게는 위조알약을 파는 것이 이익이다. 그는 진짜 옥시코돈 알약과 펜타닐이 함유된 위조 알약을 나란히 배교해 보여주었다. 이 두가지는 구별할 수 없었다. 같은 색깔, 같은 제품 스템핑. 완전히 동일했다. 물론 나는 로스앤젤레스 경찰서 수사관에게 왜 딜러들이 계속해서 판매하느냐고 물었다.  


- potent 1.유력한 2. 강력한 3. 세력 있는
- anesthetic 마취약
- Drug Enforcement Administration 마약단속국
- counterfeite[káuntərfìt] 위조의, 가짜의
- narcotics officer 마약 수사관
- illicit 불법의, 편법의
- identical 동일한, 똑같은
- detective 형사, 수사관

David Rind
00:04:50
Said there was going to be my question. If it's killing their clients, why are they selling it?
그게 저의 질문이 되고 있었어요. 그들의 고객을 죽이고 있다면, 왜 그것을 판매하는거죠?

Josh Campbell
00:04:54
No, it's an important question. In his answer, this detective, it was really stark. It actually left me speechless. He said that it all comes down to money. It all comes down to profit. The dealer's only objective is to get you hooked. And the words of this LAPD detective, if you don't die from their pills, then you're a customer for as long as you live. So counterfeit pills are one crisis, but it's important to understand that there are other people experiencing addiction who are actually seeking out fentanyl itself, longing for that feeling of relaxation and euphoria that this drug.
중요한 질문이예요. 그 수사관의 답변에서 그것은 정말로 강렬했었어요. 실제로 말문이 막혔습니다. 그는 모든 것이 돈에 달려 있다고 했어요. 모든 것이 이익에 달려있다고요. 딜러의 유일한 목표는 당신을 중독시키는 것입니다. 이 조사관의 말은, 만약 당신이 그들의 알약으로 죽지 않는다면, 당신은 살아있는 동안 고객이 되는거죠. 그래서 위조알약은 첫번째 문제입니다. 그러나 중요한 것은  실제로 펜타닐 자체를 찾는 중독 경험을 하는 다른 사람들도 있다는 것을 이해하는 것입니다. 그들은 이 약물이 제공하는 이완과 유쾌함을 갈망하고 있습니다.

long for 갈망하다


David Rind
00:05:29
So they know that this is what they're getting into. And they want that.
Josh Campbell
00:05:32
They want it, they're seeking it. They're trying to get that high over and over again. But, you know, it's so highly potent and addictive that overdoses are all too common. It's actually ravaging streets across this country.
Reporter
00:05:47
Mayor Ted Wheeler, Governor Tina Kotek and Multnomah County Chair Jessica Vega Peterson committing to work together to come up with a plan within the next 90 days to solve Portland's fentanyl crisis.
Josh Campbell
00:06:00
Particularly in one city. And that's the city of Portland, Oregon.
Reporter
00:06:03
Data from the county shows that from 2018 to 2022, fentanyl related overdoses increased by a staggering 533%.
Josh Campbell
00:06:13
The fentanyl crisis has become so acute in downtown Portland that the state, the county and the city all got together and just declared a state of emergency there. So we want to see it for ourselves.
David Rind
00:06:32
So just before the break, you said that Portland, Oregon has sort of become the epicenter of this fentanyl crisis. They declared this 90 day state of emergency. So what does that actually look like on the ground?
Josh Campbell
00:06:44
That's what we wanted to find out. So our team actually went to Portland and met with a number of people, a number of stakeholders who are involved in this 90 day emergency. You essentially have a focus on three separate things. There's outreach, trying to get services to people, particularly people who are experiencing homelessness, who are also experiencing addiction. But the second part has to do with the addiction itself. Again, this drug so highly potent that, you know, the Oregon governor described it in announcing this 90 day emergency. She said that oftentimes because it's so potent that people who use fentanyl have to read dose that's inject again or consume the pill again, the drug sometimes within the span of 30 minutes.
David Rind
00:07:27
Wow.
Josh Campbell
00:07:27
So you can imagine that even if someone wanted to seek help themselves, the amount of time that it would take to go into a clinic to fill out paperwork, to wait your turn, to go through all of that without then having to rush outside and go find another dose of that drug. It's just it's so challenging. And so that's what they're facing. But then the last prong of this emergency declaration pertains to law enforcement.
Officer
00:07:51
Let's go down to Burnside. Let's go check Chevron.
Josh Campbell
00:07:55
So we wanted to find out what police are actually dealing with on the streets. And we rode along with the downtown police bike squad. They are responsible for targeting dealers. They're also responsible for writing citations.
Officer
00:08:07
2020 things such things changed around. Fentanyl came on the scene at the same time. Everyone can solve crimes and decriminalize. And we saw fentanyl just take over.
Josh Campbell
00:08:17
Now an important backstory here, which is unique to Oregon. Back in 2020, voters in the state of Oregon actually decriminalized the use of several hard drugs, including fentanyl. So it's no longer a crime to use a drugs. But that doesn't mean that police aren't writing citations, one officer said. It's essentially like a traffic ticket.
Officer
00:08:37
Now that's it. That's compressed powder fentanyl.
Josh Campbell
00:08:41
So we went along with these officers. And the first thing that you notice, there are more and more people that you see just using drugs out in public.
Josh Campbell
00:08:49
So what just happened year old buying one of you caught one. Caught your eye.
Officer
00:08:52
Yeah. I mean, the nice thing about this is tin foil is really easy to spot, even in the dark. Yeah.
Josh Campbell
00:08:57
You can you can tell in talking with people who are experiencing this addiction that they are in crisis. But nevertheless, the police are charged with writing those citations whenever they see people who are actually in possession and actively using fentanyl in public.
Officer
00:09:12
And, this guy's out there with this smoking sidewalk here. The bus stop is right here. So, my partner is going to run his information, and he's gonna get the $100 fine for use of drugs and get the treatment card.
Josh Campbell
00:09:24
So, you know, but in Portland, police don't just write citations. They'll also hand someone a treatment card. Essentially, it contains a phone number. If the person calls that number and agrees to a treatment screening with an experienced addiction counselor that can actually waive the $100 fine that is associated with the ticket.
David Rind
00:09:43
Wait, like a card, though? I don't know if this is too cynical, but handing out a business card to somebody who's struggling in the way that you described that maybe only a half hour before they need to re inject, is that can actually work in terms of persuading them to get the help they need.
Josh Campbell
00:10:00
It's a great point. And, you know, we often hear from law enforcement groups across the country that the police are often called upon these days to, be, you know, everything to everyone. But what this really means. And the police chief himself told me in our interview that this crisis will not be solved by law enforcement alone. And to that end, we met with the county health director there in Portland, and she described what this emergency declaration actually means. They're bringing people together who have never been in the same room at the same time for an extended period to try to address this threat. Secondly, we met with an outreach group known as Central City Concern, and I spoke with that organization's CEO, a man named Doctor Andy Mendenhall. And he described that the number of services that are needed, in the city, it's really, really dire. They are outpacing the amount of capacity that they need in order to get treatment to people. And that's something, you know, simple as as a beds, a place to stay. Now, when people think about all these services, this can seem somewhat bureaucratic and theoretical and academic. But we saw up close what treatment could actually mean. And if you've heard that there has been this emergency declaration regarding fentanyl. You heard that. What do you think about that.
Chelan Hendricks
00:11:18
I mean I think it's on point. Yeah. Yeah.
Josh Campbell
00:11:21
While we were along with the police going as they went through downtown trying to enforce the law, I came across a woman named Charlene. So your friend just got a ticket for. Of fentanyl.
Chelan Hendricks
00:11:33
They kind of call these iron jails. They've been doing to get so just kind of.
Josh Campbell
00:11:39
So you expected to go to jail?
Chelan Hendricks
00:11:41
Yeah. That's what would normally happen, you know.
Josh Campbell
00:11:44
But. Can you? For those who may not understand, how difficult is it to stop using fentanyl?
Chelan Hendricks
00:11:54
It's just.
Josh Campbell
00:11:56
And it took her a while to get there. She was speechless for a moment, trying to find the right words.
Chelan Hendricks
00:12:01
Words? Don't you know, there's there's not very many words for how difficult that is.
Josh Campbell
00:12:06
What's the what's the feeling like?
Chelan Hendricks
00:12:08
The feeling is like the worst sleep I've ever had. Times ten was added. Other crap, like your skin crawling and stuff, I mean.
Josh Campbell
00:12:18
And I asked her, well, are you hopeful that this emergency declaration will actually lead to some kind of change? And she said, yes, that's the ultimate goal, that you have so many people who are on the streets who are facing crisis, trying to get them to help they need is certainly something that that everyone welcomes. Have you tried to stop?
Chelan Hendricks
00:12:36
Yeah. I mean, I've had clean time, you know, and, and I'm trying to get back there now, really. But. Yeah, it's it's very difficult.
Josh Campbell
00:12:47
And finally I told her, look, I just met this incredible group of people from Central City concerned who provide the type of outreach that you were talking about. Can I put you in touch with them? And she said.
Chelan Hendricks
00:12:59
Yeah, hell, you.
Josh Campbell
00:13:04
She wanted that kind of service. She wanted that kind of help to help her. Kind of reverse course here. And so we did just that. I put her in touch with Doctor Min and his team. Obviously, due to patient privacy issues, we won't know how that went, but we can only hope that she will be one of the people under this emergency declaration. Now, that gets the help that she needs, because the crisis is so acute.
David Rind
00:13:27
Yeah. I guess I'm wondering just though, you know, not everybody, not every addict is going to run into such a thoughtful journalist like yourself that could point them in that direction. So what happens if, after the end of this 90 day period, things aren't, you know, demonstrably better for them? Like this problem has been going on for years.
Josh Campbell
00:13:45
You know, I asked county health officials that specific question, you know, what is happening at the end of this. And what they described is this is really a process, this 90 days, to try to figure out where these resources need to go. And their hope is that this will indeed be sustainable. Of course, one major problem that they will face, the outreach workers will face that I talked to people about their on the streets is what do you do for those who don't want help? And a really interesting a really insightful answer came from a man named Dave Crosby.
Dave Crosby
00:14:15
Right around, I don't know, 2015 or something like that. I had been using heroin for a really long time. He was formerly addicted.
Josh Campbell
00:14:26
He was on the streets. He is now an outreach worker with Central City Concern, trying to help people who are currently in the situation he was once in. And he told me that it is difficult when you're dealing with someone who doesn't want help, but sometimes it starts with just a smile.
Dave Crosby
00:14:41
The the best way I can put this is that's that's someone's daughter, that's someone's son, that's someone's parent.
Josh Campbell
00:14:50
And and he said that's important for listeners to understand that at the end of the day, we are indeed talking about people. This is about humanity.
Dave Crosby
00:14:58
People that maybe have never spoken to an outreach worker before. And even, as you can tell with the rain, like being able to give them services, even if it's something as simple as like a tent and a sleeping bag and like meeting them where they're at, right?
Josh Campbell
00:15:14
He said that people want to be contributing members of society. They want to be good family members. They want to be good employees. But due to the potency of these dangerous drugs, oftentimes all your mind focuses on is how to get that next high.
David Rind
00:15:28
Yeah. And it's such a multifaceted problem that any kind of advance in one area or another can help you down the road. Josh thank you.
Josh Campbell
00:15:36
Always a pleasure, David. Thanks.
David Rind
00:15:48
'One thing is a production of CNN Audio. This episode was produced by Paola Ortiz and me, David Rind. Our senior producer is Faiz Jamil. Our supervising producer is Greg Peppers. Matt Dempsey is our production manager. Dan Dzula is our technical director. And Steve Lickteig is the executive producer of CNN Audio. We get support from Haley Thomas, Alex Manasseri, Robert Mathers, John Dianora, Leni Steinhart, Jamus Andrest, Nicole Pessaru, and Lisa Namerow. Special thanks to Elizabeth Joseph, Anna-Maja Rappard,and Katie Hinman. Just a reminder, we love ratings and reviews on Apple Podcasts. I haven't seen one in a while, so I need you guys to step up a little bit. We'll be back next week with another episode. Talk to you then.